Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band

Pepper became a theme, I would say, right at the beginning. We may have been a week into the album before we decided, ‘Let’s get into that.’ Paul wrote a song with Mal Evans called ‘Sgt Pepper’. I think Mal thought of the title. Big Mal, super roadie!

Ringo Starr- From “The Beatles: Off the Record” by Keith Badman, 2008

From Wikipedia:

“Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band” is a song written by Paul McCartney, credited to Lennon–McCartney, released in 1967 on the album of the same name by the Beatles. The song appears twice on the album: as the opening track (segueing into “With a Little Help from My Friends“), and as “Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band (Reprise)“, the penultimate track (segueing into “A Day in the Life“). As the title song, the lyrics introduce the fictional band that performs on the album.

Since its original album release, “Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band” has also been released on various Beatles singles and compilation albums. The song has also been performed by several other artists, including Jimi Hendrix, U2, and a comic interpretation by Bill Cosby, using the opening to John Philip Sousa’s Washington Post March as the instrumental bridge.

Authorship and recording

In November 1966, on the flight back to England after a holiday in Kenya, McCartney conceived an idea in which an entire album would be role-played, with each of the Beatles assuming an alter-ego in the “Lonely Hearts Club Band”, which would then perform a concert in front of an audience. The inspiration is said to have come when roadie Mal Evans innocently asked McCartney what the letters “S” and “P” stood for on the pots on their in-flight meal trays, and McCartney explained it was for salt and pepper. This then led to the Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band concept, as well as the song.

The group’s road manager, Neil Aspinall, suggested the idea of Sgt. Pepper being the compère, as well as the reprise at the end of the album. According to his diaries, Evans may have also contributed to the song. John Lennon attributed the idea for Sgt. Pepper to McCartney, although the song is officially credited to Lennon–McCartney. The Beatles recorded the track in Abbey Road’s studio 2, with George Martin producing, and Geoff Emerick engineering. Work on the song started on 1 February 1967, and after three further sessions the recording was completed on 6 March 1967.

Song structure

On the Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band album, the song opens to the sound of a chattering audience, and an orchestra tuning up, which was taken from the 10 February orchestra session for “A Day in the Life”. The crowd sounds edited into the song were recorded in the early 1960s by Martin, during a live recording of the stage show Beyond the Fringe. The band is then introduced by name. The song’s structure is:

1. Introduction (instrumental)
2. Verse
3. Bridge (instrumental)
4. Refrain
5. Bridge
6. Verse
7. Instrumental bridge and transition into “With a Little Help from My Friends”.

The song is in G major, with a 4/4 meter. A horn quartet was used to fill out the instrumental sections. […]

Releases

It was originally released in the UK on 26 May 1967, and in the US on 2 June 1967 on the Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band LP.

When the Beatles’ recording contract with EMI expired in 1976, EMI were free to re-release music from the Beatles’ catalogue, and in 1978 issued “Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band”/”With a Little Help from My Friends” as the A-side of a single, with “A Day in the Life” as the B-side. The single was released on Capitol in the US on 14 August (closely following the release there of the Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band film), reaching number 71 on 30 September 1978 where it stayed for two weeks. The single was issued on Parlophone in the UK in September.

The original recording of the song is included on the Beatles compilation albums 1967–1970 (1973) and Yellow Submarine Songtrack (1999).

The notebook used by McCartney containing the lyrics for “Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band” and other songs was put up for sale in 1998.

Live performances

“Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band” was never performed live by the Beatles. It was performed by three of the former band members (McCartney, Harrison and Starr) plus Eric Clapton on 19 May 1979, at Clapton’s wedding party.

Paul McCartney played the song live on the 1989–90 Paul McCartney World Tour. On subsequent tours he would play the reprise version and use that as a segue into “The End“. When the performance is released, it usually is listed as “Sgt. Pepper’s/The End”, shortening the name of the song. When McCartney performs it, he usually adds the count-in after the drum part begins, as opposed to McCartney’s count-in preceding the drum opening.

McCartney and U2 played the song at the start of the Live 8 concert in London’s Hyde Park on 2 July 2005. The song, starting with “It was twenty years ago, today”, was chosen among others to commemorate that Live 8 took place approximately twenty years after Live Aid. The single was released for charity on iTunes, hitting number 48 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 1 on the UK Downloads chart, setting a world record for the fastest-selling online song of all time.

On 4 April 2009, McCartney performed the song during a benefit concert at New York’s Radio City Music Hall and segued it into “With a Little Help From My Friends”, sung by Starr.

On 9 February 2014, during a tribute show commemorating the Beatles’ first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show, 50 years earlier, McCartney again sang “Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band” and Starr sang “With a Little Help from My Friends“. […]

Cover versions

In 1967, Jimi Hendrix played the song live at the Saville Theatre in Shaftesbury Avenue, which was leased by Brian Epstein, only three days after it had been released on record, with McCartney and Harrison in the audience. Another live version by Hendrix recorded at the Isle of Wight Festival was included on a posthumous live album, Blue Wild Angel: Live at the Isle of Wight. […]

From Wikipedia:

Since its original album release, “Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band” has also been released on various Beatles singles and compilation albums. The song has also been performed by several other artists, including Jimi Hendrix, U2, and a comic interpretation by Bill Cosby, using the opening to John Philip Sousa’s Washington Post March as the instrumental bridge.

Authorship and recording

In November 1966, on the flight back to England after a holiday, McCartney conceived an idea in which an entire album would be role-played, with each of the Beatles assuming an alter-ego in the “Lonely Hearts Club Band“, which would then perform a concert in front of an audience. The inspiration is said to have come when roadie Mal Evans innocently asked McCartney what the letters “S” and “P” stood for on the pots on their in-flight meal trays, and McCartney explained it was for salt and pepper. This then led to the Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band concept, as well as the song.

The group’s road manager, Neil Aspinall, suggested the idea of Sgt. Pepper being the compère, as well as the reprise at the end of the album. According to his diaries, Evans may have also contributed to the song. John Lennon attributed the idea for Sgt. Pepper to McCartney, although the song is officially credited to Lennon–McCartney. The Beatles recorded the track in Abbey Road’s studio 2, with George Martin producing, and Geoff Emerick engineering. Work on the song started on 1 February 1967, and after three further sessions the recording was completed on 6 March 1967.

Song structure

On the Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band album, the song opens to the sound of a chattering audience, and an orchestra tuning up, which was taken from the 10 February orchestra session for “A Day in the Life“. The crowd sounds edited into the song were recorded in the early 1960s by Martin, during a live recording of the stage show Beyond the Fringe. The song’s structure is:

1. Introduction (instrumental)
2. Verse
3. Bridge (instrumental)
4. Refrain
5. Bridge
6. Verse
7. Instrumental bridge and transition into “With a Little Help from My Friends”.

The song is in G major, with a 4/4 meter. A horn quartet was used to fill out the instrumental sections.

Reprise

“Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band (Reprise)” is a modified repeat of the opening song at a faster tempo with heavier instrumentation. The track opens with McCartney’s count-in (retained in the manner of “I Saw Her Standing There“, the opening song on the Beatles’ first album); between 2 and 3, Lennon jokingly interjects “Bye!” Ringo Starr starts the song proper by playing the drum part unaccompanied for four bars, at the end of which a brief bass glissando from McCartney cues the full ensemble of two distorted electric guitars (played by George Harrison and Lennon), bass, drums and overdubbed percussion. In addition, McCartney overdubbed a Hammond organ part onto the track.

While the first version of the song had stayed largely in the key of G major (except for transient modulation to F and perhaps C in the bridges), the reprise starts in F and features a modulation, to G. The mono and stereo mixes of the song differ slightly: the former has a fractionally different transition from the previous song, and includes crowd noise and laughter in the opening bars that are absent from the stereo mix.

The idea for a reprise was Aspinall’s, who thought that as there was a “welcome song“, there should also be a “goodbye song“. The song contains broadly the same melody as the opening version, but with different lyrics and omitting the “It’s wonderful to be here” section. At 1:18, it is one of the Beatles’ shorter songs (the shortest is “Her Majesty” at 0:23). The reprise was recorded on 1 April 1967, two months after the version that opens the album. At the end of the track, Martin’s pre-recorded applause sample segues into the final track of the album, “A Day in the Life“.

Releases

It was originally released in the UK on 1 June 1967, and in the US on 2 June 1967 on the Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band LP.

When the Beatles’ recording contract with EMI expired in 1976, EMI were free to re-release music from the Beatles’ catalogue, and in 1978 issued “Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band”/”With a Little Help from My Friends” as the A-side of a single, with “A Day in the Life” as the B-side. The single was released on Capitol in the US on 14 August (closely following the release there of the Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band film), reaching number 71 on 30 September 1978 where it stayed for two weeks. The single was issued on Parlophone in the UK in September.

The original recording of the song is included on the Beatles compilation albums 1967-1970 (1973) and Yellow Submarine Songtrack (1999). A run-through of the reprise is included on the outtakes album Anthology 2 (1996).

In 2006, the reprise was re-released on the album Love, which was a theatrical production by Cirque du Soleil. The updated version is a remix featuring samples of other Beatles’ songs and fades out before the cross-fade into “A Day in the Life“.

The notebook used by McCartney containing the lyrics for “Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band” and other songs was put up for sale in 1998.

Live performances

In 1967, Jimi Hendrix played the song live at the Saville Theatre in Shaftesbury Avenue, which was leased by Brian Epstein, only three days after it had been released on record, with McCartney and Harrison in the audience. Another live version by Hendrix recorded at the Isle of Wight Festival was included on a posthumous live album, Blue Wild Angel: Live at the Isle of Wight.

“Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band” was never performed live by the Beatles. It was performed by three of the former band members (McCartney, Harrison and Starr) plus Eric Clapton on 19 May 1979, at Clapton’s wedding party.

Paul McCartney played it live on the 1989–90 Paul McCartney World Tour. On subsequent tours he would play the reprise version and use that as a segue into “The End“. When the performance is released, it usually is listed as “Sgt. Pepper’s/The End“, shortening the name of the song. When McCartney performs it, he usually adds the count-in after the drum part begins, as opposed to McCartney’s count-in preceding the drum opening. […]

McCartney and U2 played the song at the start of the Live 8 concert in Hyde Park, London on 2 July 2005. The song, starting with “It was twenty years ago, today“, was chosen amongst others to commemorate that Live 8 took place approximately twenty years after Live Aid. The single was released for charity on iTunes, and set a world record for the fastest-selling online song of all time. […]

On 4 April 2009, McCartney performed the song during a benefit concert at New York’s Radio City Music Hall and segued it into “With a Little Help From My Friends“, sung by Starr. […]

On 9 February 2014, during a tribute show commemorating the Beatles’ first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show, 50 years earlier, McCartney again sang “Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band” and Starr sang “With a Little Help From My Friends“.

From The Usenet Guide to Beatles Recording Variations:

[a] mono 6 Mar 1967. crossfaded 6 Apr 1967.
UK: Parlophone PMC 7026 Sgt Pepper 1967.
US: Capitol MAS 2653 Sgt Pepper 1967.

[b] stereo 6 Mar 1967. crossfaded 7 Apr 1967.
UK: Parlophone PCS 7026 Sgt Pepper 1967, Apple PCSP 718 The Beatles 1967-1970 1973.
US: Capitol SMAS 2653 Sgt Pepper 1967, Apple SKBO-3404 The Beatles 1967-1970 1973.
CD: EMI CDP 7 46442 2 Sgt Pepper 1987, EMI CDP 7 97039 2 The Beatles 1967-1970 1993.

The crossfade joins this song to With a Little Help From My Friends.

The lead guitar starting around “I don’t really want to stop the show” is louder in mono [a], barely there in [b]. The crowd noise differs between the two and the crossfade is less well hidden in mono [a].

I had come to the conclusion that The Beatles were getting a little bit safe, and we were a little intimidated by the idea of making ‘the new Beatles album’. It was quite a big thing: ‘Wow, follow that!’ So to relieve the pressure I got the idea, maybe from some friends or something I’d read, that we shouldn’t record it as The Beatles. Mentally we should approach it as another group of people and totally give ourselves alter egos. So I came up with the idea of Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band and the song ‘It Was Twenty Years Ago Today’.

From “The Beatles Diary Volume 1: The Beatles Years” by Barry Miles

The title song is really a good old-fashioned rocker, but it pulls people into the album with its illusion of a live performance. By adding the sound effects of applause, tuning up, and so on, we tried to paint a tableau: of the curtain going up and seeing the band on the stage. Once again, we were trying to create the illusion of being able to shut one’s eyes and see a complete picture, created by music. Sgt. Pepper’s band really was up there blasting away for us. In fact, of all the songs on the album, the opening song was the nearest we got to a fully fledged live performance in the studio. It was a ‘live’ show in its own right, every time, even though only a privileged few of us ever saw it.

George Martin – From “With A Little Help From My Friends: The Making of Sgt. Pepper“, 1995

One of the things about the Beatles is that we noticed accidents. Then we acted upon them. When we had a tape playing backwards by accident, we would stop and go, “What is that?” A lot of other people would go, “Oh God, what is that bloody noise?” But we always loved being sidetracked by these ideas.

In this case, I’d gone to the US to see Jane Asher, who was touring in a Shakespeare production and was in Denver. So I flew out to Denver to stay with her for a couple of days and take a little break.

On the way back, I was with our roadie Mal Evans, and on the plane he said, “Will you pass the salt and pepper?” I misheard him and said, “What? Sergeant Pepper?”

We had recently played Candlestick Park. That was a show where we couldn’t even hear ourselves; it was raining, we were nearly electrocuted and when we got off stage we were chucked into the back of a stainless steel minitruck. The minitruck was empty, and we were sliding round in it, and we all thought, “F***, that’s enough.”

That day we decided we wouldn’t tour again. The idea was that we would make records, and the records would tour. We’d once heard that Elvis Presley had sent his gold-plated Cadillac on tour, and we thought that was just brilliant. So we thought, “We’ll make a record, and that’ll be our gold-plated Cadillac.”

On the way back from Denver I suggested to the guys that we take on alter egos. The concept was that we’d stopped being the Beatles. We were now this other band.

I did a sketch in which the four of us were pictured in front of a floral clock. It was as if time stood still, because the clock was made of flowers. There was something lovely about that. The idea was that the band were going to be presented with a trophy by the Lord Mayor of London, or someone like that. So, we agreed on the cover idea, then went down to the costumier Monty Berman, in Soho, to be fitted with the band’s outfits.

I must admit I’d taken some acid in Denver, and this was all a kind of game I was playing after that trip. I had drawn the sketch to show the guys what this new project might be like. They loved it. And it really freed us up. It gave us a kind of anonymity and a new lease on life.

Paul McCartney – From “The Lyrics: 1956 to the Present“, 2021 – Paul McCartney confuses his trip to Denver in April 1967, and his trip to Kenya in November 1966 – “Sgt. Pepper” was recorded in February 1967, a couple of months before the Denver trip.

I was just thinking of nice words like Sergeant Pepper, and Lonely Hearts Club, and they came together for no reason. But after you have written that down you start to think, ‘There’s this Sergeant Pepper who has taught the band to play, and got them going so that at least they found one number. They’re a bit of a brass band in a way, but also a rock band because they’ve got the San Francisco thing. And I had the idea that instead of Hell’s Angels, they put up pictures of Hitler and the latest Nazi signs and leather and that. We went into it just like that: just us doing a good show.

Paul McCartney – Interview with The Observer, November 1967

We had an audience laughing on the front of ‘Sgt. Pepper.’ It had always been one of my favorite moments; I’d listened to radio a lot as a kid, and there had always been a moment in a radio show, say with somebody like Tommy Cooper, where he would walk on stage and he’d say hello, and they’d laugh, and he’d tell a joke, and they’d laugh, and there would always be a moment in these things, because it was live radio, where he wouldn’t say anything, and the audience would laugh. And my imagination went wild whenever that happened. I thought, ‘What is it? Has he dropped his trousers? Did he do a funny look?’ I had to know what had made ‘em laugh. It fascinated me so much, and I’d always remembered that, so when we did ‘Pepper’ there’s one of those laughs for nothing in there, just where Billy Shears is being introduced they all just laugh, and you don’t know what the audience has laughed at.

Paul McCartney – From “Paul McCartney: Many Years from Now” by Barry Miles, 1997

I stayed with [Paul] for four months and he had a music room at the top of his house with his multi-coloured piano and we were up there a lot of the time. We wrote ‘Sgt Pepper’ and also another song on the album, ‘Fixing A Hole’. When the album came out, I remember it very clearly, we were driving somewhere late at night. There was Paul, Neil Aspinall and myself and the driver in the car, and Paul turned round to me and said, ‘Look Mal, do you mind if we don’t put your name on the songs? You’ll get your royalties and all that, because Lennon and McCartney are the biggest things in our lives. We are really a hot item and we don’t want to make it Lennon-McCartney-Evans. So, would you mind?’ I didn’t mind, because I was so in love with the group that it didn’t matter to me. I knew myself what had happened.

Mal Evans – From “The Beatles: Off the Record” by Keith Badman, 2008

Paul wrote it after a trip to America. The whole West Coast long named group thing was coming in, you know, when people were no longer called The Beatles or The Crickets. They were suddenly called Fred & His Incredible Shrinking Grateful Airplanes. He got influenced by that and came up with the idea of doing us as somebody else. He was trying to put something between The Beatles and the public. It took the ‘I’ out of it some. Like the early days, saying ‘She Loves You’, instead of ‘I love you.’

John Lennon – From “The Beatles: Off the Record” by Keith Badman, 2008

Lyrics

Variations

• A Mono version • From "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (Mono)"
• A2009 2009 mono remaster • From "The Beatles in Mono (2009)"
• A2014 2014 mono remaster • From "The Beatles In Mono (Vinyl boxset - 2014)"
• B Stereo version • From "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (Stereo)"
• B2009 2009 stereo remaster • From "The Beatles • The Original Studio Recordings (2009)"
• C 1999 remix • From "Yellow Submarine Songtrack"
• D 2017 stereo mix • From "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (50th anniversary boxset)"
• E Take 1 – Instrumental • From "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (50th anniversary boxset)"
• F Take 9 And Speech • From "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (50th anniversary boxset)"
• G 2017 Dolby Atmos mix • From "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (Dolby Atmos - 2017)"
• H 2022 Dolby Atmos mix • From "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (Dolby Atmos - 2022)"
• L1 Live version • Los Angeles • Great Western Forum • USA • Nov 23, 1989 • From "Tripping The Live Fantastic"
• L2 Live version • Ft. Lauderdale • National Car Rental Center • USA • May 17, 2002 • From "Back In The U.S."
• L3 Live version • "Live 8" • Jul 02, 2005
• L4 Live version • New York • Citi Field • USA • Jul 17, 2009 • From "Good Evening New York City"

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“Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band” has been played in 197 concerts and 1 soundchecks.

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